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又是一年枫叶红 每年的秋季又来到了，秋季的色彩灿烂缤纷，美丽的季节，正是出游赏景时。本溪的桓仁县大地溪森林公园和宽甸天华山看枫叶的情景还是历历在目。很幸运此时来到这里一饱眼福。 十一前后分别去了宽甸天华山和本溪大地溪森林公园枫叶之旅，下面的照片向您展示~~~~ 天华山位于辽宁省丹东市的宽甸满族自治县灌水镇北部，为长白山余脉，海拔1100多米，距离抚顺市3个小时车程。这里的奇峰、怪石、洞峡、幽涧、瀑布、溪水的自然之美相映生辉，它的奇妙、清幽、雄险和润秀的自然景观资源，被专家们誉为“旷世佳境，万景奇山”。在金秋畅游天华山，从峡谷向上盘行，涌入眼帘的是那层层叠叠的枫林，红、黄、绿、橙、紫相间，五彩缤纷，绚丽耀眼。在阳光的照射下，变幻着五彩斑斓的彩色图案。红的妖艳，黄的明丽，绿的柔和，橙的热烈，紫的端庄，真可谓“淡妆浓抹总相宜”，一路秋色，令人陶醉~~~] 下目的地是比较原生态的大地森林公园。大概是因为知道这里的人不多，这里开发的也不是很完善~~~ ([]
最新章节： 第521章 朱丹 （ 2024-05-18 21:29:11）
更新时间： 2024-05-18 23:46:24
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陈钰倩Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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袁承翰以下图片，完全按照我们此行的时间顺序，向大家详细的汇报整个攀登过程。([]
九窝妹九窝妹九窝妹
张淑娟《最后的藏地：甘青川大环线》 序2007年，随着一篇帖子误打误撞地进入了川西的藏区后，在接下去的几年，藏地，就像魔咒般地吸引着我。我和我的兄弟，因此，有了藏地五年计划。今年，是我们行游藏地的第五年，也是藏地五年计划的最后一年。五年来，我们很幸运，也很执著：07年，我们第一次来到了藏区。我们惊艳于新都桥的光影和八美的柔情；而穿越四姑娘让我们第一次有了驴的感觉。08年，贡嘎的壮美、剪子弯的高原草甸、外星球般的海子山、仙乃日的威严、雨崩的神秘和一妻多夫以及雨崩小学的张老师和十个小时的的梅里穿越，更给我烙下了深刻的印象。09年，我们终于走了川藏南线。跨过金沙江，真正来到了西藏。来古冰川、米堆冰川、嘎瓦龙雪山和天池。。。无不让我深深怀念！10年，21天，我们完成了阿里大环线的穿越。珠峰的夕照和普兰的宁静；玛旁雍措的深邃和拉昴措的诡异；古格的神秘和东嘎皮央遗址的凄凉；扎达的壮观和天堂般的文布；色林措的欢乐和仓姑寺的详和；以及一路相伴的藏野驴、藏羚羊、差点因高发下撤而割袍断义的兄弟和我的队友组成了我10年最美好的回忆。2011年，藏地五年计划的最后一年，我们走进了甘青川。。。 目录一、序二、出发前的纠结三、穿越夹金山四、西索民居和土司官寨五、关于马尔康的阿来和其它六、太阳河峡谷劳作的藏族小孩七、邂逅马尔康看花节八、色达：经幡扬起的是一颗宁静的心九、年龙寺：探访闭关修行的年龙上师仁波切十、班玛：天葬台、江日堂寺和非诚勿拢的刘婷婷十一、白玉寺：拜访著名的传奇人物----“年宝玉则的观鸟喇嘛”扎西桑俄十二、年宝玉则：僧人的笑容十三、放花无语对玛卿----穿越阿尼玛卿纪实十四、玛多：黄河之水天上来十五、走向共和十六、青海湖：不要问我从哪里来十七、大美祈连：卓尔山十八、阿柔大寺：最帅气喇嘛和可爱的藏民十九、门源：一片金色向着党 二十、西宁--合作：多民族聚集的和谐走廊二十一、扎尕那：遗世独立的非著名山峰 二十二、郎木寺：天葬台的诱惑二十三、红原：千回百转的黄河第一湾二十四、汶川：不能忘却的纪念二十五、结束语 二、出发前的纠结是甘川青还是川青甘？这是个问。时间进入到五月，10年同行阿里的队友开始活跃起来。西湖和本色不断邀约加入他们甘川青的队伍；我也开始谋划我的11年行程，但皆因种种不确定性没有允诺队友。首先是兄弟的不确定性，达华云里雾里，不置可否；另外一个刚加盟的小兄弟（耗子）想玩回大环线自驾；而我自己确定不了具体出发的时间。再者，今年，我必须得去色达。而西湖本色的队伍走的是甘-川-青，他们放弃了色达。而放弃色达是我不能容忍的。就这样，和原来阿里的队友失之交臂，以致于11年的行程只有风景，没有了风情；只有色彩，没有了精彩；只有英雄，没有了故事。五千公里的旷野，只有三个年近不惑的孤独的男人在自我装酷却无人欣赏。。。苏说，他就像旷野里的那只藏原羊一样孤独，只好不断地把白屁股炫耀以期待少许的目光。七月初，达华正式告知将携妻儿自驾；汶川突至暴雨和泥石流交通中断；而我家阁楼露台上的紫藤却突然枯萎。。。这无疑不是出发前的好兆头。耗子在暴雨、泥石流和枯萎的紫藤以及我们的七嘴八舌下终于决定放弃自驾。至此，我们终于决定七月初从成都出发。后来得知，本色当上了队长，拉起了原来阿里的队伍，过起了万花丛中一点绿的滋润日子；茗禅冒充强驴骗取信任穿越了贡嘎，留给我们的是嫉妒和羡慕；达华最终携妻带子自驾弃我们而去。。。七月，阿里英雄终于各自在路上。 三、穿越夹金山夹金山，并不是我们计划中的行程。汶川线的暴雨和泥石流让我们被迫放弃了原来的线路，我们只能绕道夹金山。夹金山，是一座英雄的山。夹金山位于四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州小金县南部，与著名的四姑娘山风景区毗邻，距成都250公里。夹金山也是当年中国工农红军一方面军万里长征与红四方面胜利会师的地方。夹金山从此载入中国革命历史的光荣史。2011年的7月，是红色的7月。我们的行程就从这红色的夹金山开始了。夹金山垭口 红军达维会师1935年6月，中国工农红军第一方面军翻越夹金山与红四方面军在四川省阿坝州小金县达维乡正式会师。如今，达维会师已成为一处重温红色记忆的旅游景点。70年后，这里也成了一个旅游胜地。这里，也是世界第一只大熊猫的科学发现地，尽管我们没有发现大熊猫。 傍晚的夹金山沐浴在夕阳中。夏日的夹金山却犹如沐浴在秋色之中，傍晚时分的一缕夕阳打在藏居上。当年的红军，也许无暇这样的风景。 四、西索民居和土司官寨傍晚，我们终于抵达马尔康郊外的西索民居和卓克基土司官寨。西索民居卓克基土司官寨西索民居独具嘉绒藏族特色，保持了嘉绒先民“垒石为室”的传统建筑风格，寨子鳞次栉比、错落有致，远目望去犹如一座壁垒森严的古堡。整个民居从远处鸟瞰，便会惊奇地发现西索藏寨酷似藏族八宝图案中的“花依”图案(状如“中华结”，代表释伽牟尼的心)，寨子中直来竖往、弯来拐去的青石板小道，把图案的线条展现的非常清晰。 藏寨全是三层石楼，底层饲养牲畜，第二层是厨房和住宿，三层是经堂和客房。民居建筑形如碉状，也称碉楼。房屋四周的墙体均用片石砌成,用黄泥粘合。墙体厚达1米,采用内直外收的砌法, 工匠们仅凭经验，砌出的石墙如刀切豆腐般整齐，棱角锐利，上窄下宽，整个墙体处于抗压状态,成为建筑的承重主体。加之内部木结构横梁的互相支撑拉合,整个建筑下大上小、重心向内、稳定性强。到最高处，碉楼四角顺势形成角锋，造成一种气势，最高处的石墙边缘加厚，避免墙表的平面化，增强立体感。房顶一分为二，前半部分为平顶，三面砌成矮墙；后半部分形成斜山式，覆盖石板或瓦。每层楼的窗户都外小内大，窗框很讲究，用上了雕刻、绘画、上彩等技巧，民族特色很浓。这种碉楼不仅冬暖夏凉，而且建筑艺术独特，审美价值高，就像一件件珍贵的艺术品。卓克基土司官寨位于距马尔康县城7公里的卓克基镇西索村。官寨依山而建，坐北朝南，被国际友人赞誉为“东方建筑史上的一颗明珠”。官寨始建于1918年清朝乾隆年间，为四层碉房，1936年毁于大火，1938年----1940年，土司索观赢组织人力进行重建。1935年7月，毛泽东同志及中央机关长征途中曾在官寨住宿一周。1988年，卓克基官寨被国务院列为第三批国家重点文物保护单位。卓克基土司官寨有着重要的历史文化以及丰富的旅游资源。 五、关于马尔康的阿来和其它值得说一句的是，马尔康是著名藏族作家阿来的家乡。阿来：1959年出生于马尔康，毕业于马尔康师范学校。2009年3月，阿来当选为四川省作协主席，现兼任中国作协副主席。从1994年《尘埃落定》写出至1998年出版其间，阿来由阿坝州一家杂志转辗到四川成都《科幻世界》由编辑到总编辑社长，《科幻世界》在阿来手里由一本杂志变为五六种，成为世界上发行量最大的科幻类杂志。数百万读者期待读到阿来新作。来之前，我不知道，马尔康就是阿来的家乡。在西索民居时，我的司机师傅轻轻说了一句：这就是阿来居住过的地方，小说《尘埃落定》的故事就发生在这里。轻描淡写的一句话，却触动了我的内心。阿来是我喜欢的一位作家。《尘埃落定》就是他的代表作，曾获得第五届茅盾文学奖。我喜欢的倒不是他的《尘埃落定》，而是他对西藏土地深沉的爱和对西藏发展自己独立的见解。虽然，我没看过他写的《格萨尔王》，但我欣赏他写《格萨尔王》的勇气和毅力。我有一本阿来的文集《看见》。在文中，阿来说：看哪，落定的尘埃又微微泛起，山间的大路上，细小的石英沙尘在阳光下闪烁出耀眼的光芒，在茫茫宇宙中漂浮不定。唉，一路都是落不定的尘埃！写完《格萨尔王》后，阿来说：王啊，今天我要把你的故事还给你，我要走出你的故事了。这是一个小说家的宿命，从一个故事向另一个故事漂泊。当一些所谓的有识之士忧虑于青藏铁路的建设时，阿来所说的话让我赞叹，他不同流和盲从于“有识之士”。阿来说：如果说，这条铁路的建成，对建设者是一个胜利，而对这条铁路经过的高原，对这条铁路所冲击的古老文化，对当地政府和老百姓，这到底是一个天降的福音，还是一个巨大的考验，全赖于面临这样一个新的机遇的人们有没有准备好去迎接挑战。我讨厌于一些看法。诸如，西藏的高原上架设高压线破坏景观；西藏的腹地通公路影响生态；西藏铁路和机场的建设是对环境和西藏文化的破坏。。。诸如此类，等等等等。当我们手拿IPAD，喝着咖啡，畅游在信息高速公路上时，我们有什么权力让西藏人民永远手持转筒匍匐着转经呢？五年了，当我周游在藏地时，更多看到的只是游客们猎奇的眼光和浅薄的认识，他们讨厌藏民用手机、讨厌藏民开着摩托车放牧；他们希望的西藏永远是原始、原始、再原始；他们希望把西藏割裂于现代文明之外。。。古老和现代的冲突是一个永恒的话。我崇拜甚至是膜拜西藏悠久的文化和宗教，但我也不排斥他们对现代文明和现代化的选择，我相信，这不是西藏人民的“被选择”。只是，在这种选择之前，正如阿来所说的，“全赖于面临这样一个新的机遇的人们有没有准备好去迎接挑战”。我想，在现代化、现代文明和西藏古老的历史、文化、宗教冲突中，我们不要做非此即彼的选择，我们所要关注的是，如何去寻找冲突间的结合点，以期待让西藏古老文化和宗教在现代文明前更加熠熠生辉，以期待西藏的环境在现代化面前妥善地予以保护。这才是真正考验政府和百姓的智慧。感谢阿来，祝福西藏。 六、太阳河峡谷劳作的藏族小孩这一天，除了色达五明佛学院让我震撼之外，就是这在田间劳作的藏族小孩的眼睛和笑容。 从清晨的马尔康醒来，昨晚的灯火辉煌已遗留在睡梦中。马尔康县城位于山谷之间，海拔并不高，只有2700米。县城规划整齐，湍急的索磨河穿城而过。清晨的马尔康夜幕下的马尔康霓虹闪烁，光影迷离。 在藏语里，马尔康的意思就是灯火旺盛的地方，据说此命名来至一位得道高僧。在藏地，这样的高僧往往又是伟大的预言家。今天，预言再次成真。我们沿着大渡河的上游---太阳河峡谷前行。山涧，雾气升腾。大渡河咆哮东去，雨后的太阳河峡谷清新诡异。晨雾中的藏居很是抢眼，早起的藏民已走向田间地头。 藏居、碉楼、高压塔。虽然，高压电线塔很不应景，但我希望大家更多的是看到它给西藏人民带来的光明而给以包容。有一种风景，她遗世独立。有一种力量，她坚如磐石。 有一种行走，叫做虔诚。也有一种行走，叫做造作。中午，我们来到了壤塘县大伊里村。这一路，最吸引我们的就是藏式民居。 这一带的藏式民居三楼均以柳条编制而成，上宽下窄，俨然穿上铠甲的将士。 就在这样的环境里日出而作，繁衍生息。大伊里乡其实是个重点扶持的富裕乡。对口帮扶让他们过上了现代生活。在这红色的七月，需常怀感恩之心。大伊里乡瓜果青翠，花香四溢。([]
美国专线一区中文
毛隆蕙我承认，每次要写帖子前就纠结很久很久，因为开了篇就要对它负责，要好好写，要写完我承认，我给帖子起名字的能力很差，没什么文艺色彩，为啥不能先写主体最后起名字呢我承认，写游记的时候罗里吧嗦，把自己的感受不论正面负面都狠狠说一遍我承认，每次看照片，都觉得怎么拍得这么少，当时怎么就这么懒不能早点起来晚点收工这次丝绸之路之旅，从2011年7月20日到10月17日，快3个月，行程大概有3000~4000公里那么多，好在有火车和汽车，不然3年都回不来这也不是完整的丝绸之路，因为不是从西安开始的，国境都没出，就不要说巴基斯坦和中亚之后的那段了（很想去，但是。。。）行程的顺序是西宁-青海湖-门源-祁连-山丹-张掖-敦煌-乌鲁木齐--库车-喀什-麦盖提-塔什库尔干-和田-民丰-回到乌鲁木齐-克拉玛依-乌尔禾-布尔津-贾登峪-禾木-喀纳斯-白哈巴-（原路回到乌鲁木齐）-鄯善-哈密-回家深感西部牛羊肉之好吃极了百吃不厌深感天朝的交通发达和交通费之高昂深感祖国地貌之丰富多变和色彩斑斓深感西部大开发让物价有了明显提升各位有耐心请听我慢慢道来，不要急，写帖子累啊！希望大家喜欢（张掖冰沟丹霞）开贴啦从65页开始放上攻略，方便大家截取有用的部分，作为自己旅行的参考。西宁就是中转而已，住在西凉驿青旅（不知为啥它当时从yha网上除名了），但是它很火，气氛很好直接去了白玉巷子的手抓肉大饱口福，再喝了杯当地酸奶。一切准备着，为次日向青海湖进发做好准备！青海湖非常热门，班车买不到票。在车站门口愣住很久，最后决定包车前往，一直开到了黑马河，原来这里是著名的日出观测点住宿帐篷，4人100元一顶。这里看上去不是那么为众人知晓，不然价格就。。。还未必住得上下午3点，吃了藏包子和奶茶，往湖边逛一逛当时除了我们4人没有其他游客，湖边宁静得很湖边藏民牵着马，慢慢的走着。我们没骑马，只是和他们聊了聊他们并不急于向我们推销生意，也许他们只是晒晒太阳湖边有个小女孩，是这些牵马藏民家的小精灵，静谧的青海湖，湛蓝的水边，有了她，才更加令人难以忘怀她不怕生，我抱着她玩了一会儿，她就咯咯地笑八过，等我放下她的时候，我的手已经被她褪色的小棉衣染红了（有谁会ps，把后面这两个人p掉啦）话说高原地方空气真好，天也澄净等我们在湖边玩得差不多要撤的时候，呼啦来了几车的游客。一打听，是为了次日早晨日出拍摄踩点来了。哦，原来是这样！不知不觉得路上骑行环湖的友人推荐，住到了个好位置啦！回头再看看，天还是那么蓝，可是柔美如丝的云变成了块状。来得早不如来得巧，鉴定完毕！距离晚饭还早，进主干道开展“扫街”活动再遇到非常热情的藏民朋友有日光的时候，他们坐在街边晒太阳唠嗑我们拍照，她们很乐意，左边抱着孩子的女士请我们上他们家去拍他们家是个小四合院这位女士借了藏袍给我穿，由于形象恶劣就不贴出来了他们家的老爷子很可爱的个性，看我们拍照，就趴在窗台上看我们这身衣服，让我想起了80年代的典型着装我们拍毕，女士带着我们去往村子周边示意一个婆婆握着转经筒让我们拍照他们看见显示屏上的照片，都乐极了。我要是有个立拍得就好了，让他们都能存上自己的照片。可是银子。。。。。。翻页了，继续努力中完美的拍摄下午结束了，在镇上吃了晚饭，溜达回湖边帐篷。次日还要早起，快快就寝。话说这还是7月份的青海湖啊。晚上，我掏出了羽绒服，掏出了羽绒睡袋，再准备好抓绒帽子和手套。高原，真冷！第二天六点，被这日出和浪涛深深感动了！八过，湖边总不免有些垃圾，只能挑干净的地方描绘美的一面了，呵呵日出拍摄的时段很短，没多久就日头太高光比过大同时，日出拍摄旅行团也来了我们就撤退会帐篷吃早饭高原7月的早晨，我的穿着是羽绒服，抓绒服，保暖衣裤，帽子，手套，供大家参考（我比较怕冷）转战151，这原先应该是一个部队番号，也因为它刚好距离西宁151公里，因此大家都简称其为151了，同时它也是湖边有名的赏花之所。其实，七月青海湖边油菜花盛开，是旅游最旺的时候。拥有大片湖边油菜花田的藏民，每人5元，每日200-300人次，可以计算，为期一月的油菜花季，农业之外的收入是多少。姐表示非常羡慕他藏民小姑娘，淳朴、羞涩得很。我把相机给她玩，她能从长枪短炮的关注下转变成拍摄的掌控者，这让她开心极了。我们请她在花田里跑跑，她开心极了边跑变笑，实在是湖边最美的风景高原天气变化很快，早晨美丽日出后，中午阴云密布回到青旅休息，可是始终不甘心。到后山走走，居然飘下几滴雨。同行人决定午觉，可是他们也是闲不住的主儿，一会儿就探出头来问：再走走吧？再一走，天又晴了。后山有个村子，村里有一群快乐的藏族小孩这是其中最羞涩的一个，笑的时候都会紧张地看看我们。后山的青稞和油菜花！大片大片从后山回来，又到了日落时分出门走走，远远看见湖边有两顶帐篷，就不管远近地向它们走去小路弯弯，只有我们几人，好美的斜阳好宁静的的地方遇到骑车过来的藏民，他们说，一定去帐篷那里转转走啊走，到了！ 牵马的孩子，他羞涩地牵过马来，说，你看我的马好不好漂亮吗？不得不说我们运气真的很好我已经多少时候没见过太阳又大又圆从地平线落下去了？我再次被湖边的景色感动了这又是个我们几人独享的景色远处的经幡飘荡，看晚霞布满天空日落下去好一会儿，天色还是那么迷人站在半沼泽的草堆上，温度渐渐低了，好冷，但是舍不得走想着，这青海湖边拍的差不多了没想到，次日还是早早起了，青旅的后山，终于正儿八经地开始拍油菜花了日出油菜花田，用了下滤镜以此结束青海湖2日的行程。没有环湖，以前环过，比起这次，觉得没什么必要，看到的东西不会比在黑马河和151看到的多。如果是摄影爱好者，私以为这两个地方足以，每年7月-8月初回到西宁，班车门源，几十里油菜花田青稞田村落，惊叹！门源，7月10日-8月10日，浓缩了全年旅游最高峰宾馆价格将会从平日的100元以下，飙升到几百大元，甚是恐怖有兴趣者，又想节约银子者，可以找农家院的炕头住。就在班车下客处边的岔路墙上有他们的广告，100以内可以搞定回到正，门源的美，真是大美啊！走，赏花去！ 高原的天气说变就变，上午的雨一阵一阵，到了午后，偶尔地出了一段短暂时间的太阳，之后，又是一阵暴雨。当时还在困惑是不是要出门拍摄，最后因为肚子饿才逼着自己走到县城。准备出行时，心中仍然满怀犹豫。门源距离青石嘴的20多公里路，是油菜花景致最为集中的一段，然而当车沿着公路开过，阴雨带来的心情始终让人觉得包下这车子有些不值得。前半段在观花台走了几圈，并没有发现特别让人振奋的光影。突然，也没有风，完全无征兆地头顶上的云层散开了，岗什卡雪峰也露脸了。在短短几分钟内，整片天空像变脸似地蓝得透彻，阳光毫不吝啬地洒满在金黄色的油菜花田里。光影依然未必尽如人意，然而云过天青的惊喜，足以让我感到走上观花台是值得的。绕过青石嘴，沿着不知名的路线，令人惊叹的风景就在车后窗如卷帘拉开：时而牛羊在河边饮水，时而马匹在草场上散步，时而青稞浪随风摆荡，时而油菜花探头微笑，时而山峦在云影下明暗有致。想让司机停车很多很多很多次，然而总是要取舍的，不然真的一步都挪不动了。如果我有青稞的视角，我就这么拍如果我有牛的闲工夫，我也这么晒太阳吃吃草绕道后山，见全景也遥望见一片次日要探索的地方环游活动结束，还舍不得回去，走到天边，夕阳从青稞田平面的远端落下了北山公社前一晚远远地看见山边的一个村落在夕阳的照耀下闪着迷人的光彩，就决定次日一定要想法子去看看。果然，当我们来到北山乡政府门口的小路边，立刻就被那接天无穷的金黄色征服了。这是一张很平凡的图片，不过，试想一下，把它向左右延伸5倍铺开，形成180度的环视场面，非常震撼了（鄙人ps基本不会，接图也是白痴一个，因此，只能请读者想像一下）近处来看，小花小草都很让人赏心悦目坐在石凳上，喝一杯小茶，吹一吹小风([]
777成年人进入人口
郑添中旅行的目的是什么？简单的游山玩水？还是试图摆脱固有的陈旧环境，到一个完全陌生的城市无拘无束的松懈自己？又或是天马行空，嬉逐人间，纵情于湖光山色中映照内心？我不知道，每个人都应该拥有一个属于自己的答案。但我想，旅行应该是苦乐喜悲并举的。当我们处处防备围墙重重徘徊处，远方行人狭路相逢却不吝暖人笑意；当我们张开双手敞开怀抱投递每一个微笑时，陌生人剖心相照怀抱亦可如兄弟亲密。我想，这大概就是旅行的意义，消除偏见，发现自我，丰富人生。所有帖子已经更新完毕3楼河内篇29楼 芽庄篇621楼大叻篇 我的越南行——我一定会怀念这一路，自由短暂却彻底。 鸣谢 行在越南网 友情提供的旅游景区攻略资料。十一假期我该去哪里？ 从没有踏出过国门，一直想去到一个完全不能用汉语的地方，想体验那种不一样的生活，独自。这次我听了同事的建议去一趟芽庄享受一下沙滩、潜水、美味海鲜也是及好的。越南是一个超级适合度假的地方，海岸线狭长，海鲜、潜水、海景房样样都有，样样便宜，中国人去玩完全没有压力。越南还是个快乐的国度，完全没有新闻里说的那么穷，人们不会过于追求金钱，而是选择舒服地活着。很容易就被越南人乐观的情绪所感染。越南每个旅游城市都有自己的特点，一路下来，完全不会审美疲劳。河内街头的电车美女与美食，让你眼睛和舌头上天堂；芽庄是潜水的圣地，还有洗黑泥的妹纸和海鲜；大叻像阿尔卑斯山下的小镇，红墙绿瓦、咖啡飘香。。。乘坐到达河内大巴车到达友谊关，在友谊关，给边防武警递上自己的护照，他职业性地微笑一下，盖个戳，然后放行。办理了出境之后，我就算真正地离开了祖国，跟随人流进入了越南边防的小房子，大家都挤成了一团，每个人都在护照里夹了10块钱递进办入境的窗口（据说不夹钱，护照就会被扔到一边，没人管），没有零钱给他一张100居然只找了我88块钱。。奶奶的多收了2块钱小费，算了到了人家地盘上乖乖的，只希望护照快点出来。大概等了10来分钟，就会有越南长官拿着一叠护照挨个念名字，不过发音确实很蛋疼，念到名字的人拿上护照就算入境了，没听清的人也不用着急，他会再念第二遍。友谊关可以换到全世界最高的汇率 1元RMB=3400越南盾，熬了30年，终于成了百万富翁…… 抵达河内，在三十六行街（背包客比较多的商业街）随便找了个酒店住下来，酒店到处都是，价格也便宜，双人间基本上就是15-20美元一天，摩托车一天大概要7美金。由于历史原因语言交流出现了严重的障碍，可爱的越南妹子说的英格力斯我完全的不懂，没办法只好使用必杀技“国际手语”她完全的明白，OK！住了房，租了摩托，问好路~出发！河内的天气和8月的北京差不多，一样那么闷热，身体虽然遭罪，但眼睛却很享福，因为每个人都穿得那么性感 ，一到还剑湖，立马感受到这里的生活节奏是如此的安逸，每个人都慢悠悠地活着，街边游走着不少卖美食的小贩，还有不少美女悠闲地骑着摩托车，我想我来对地方了。第一次到越南，对什么东西都充满了新鲜感，特别是对河内的妹纸，她们面容娇好、身材苗条，打扮时尚。河内留给我的两个印象：美女多、摩托车多，当这两者结合起来：很多美女骑着摩托车在你身边来来往往，这场景，光是想想都会让人流口水。 河内的摩托车确实多，大街小巷全是，今天一天看到的摩托车，比过去十年还多，都说重庆生产的力帆摩托车都卖给了越南，看来，还真是这样的。 不多拍点摩托美女 怎么能对得起看帖子的劳苦大众~虽然是大清早，但依然不时有漂亮的妹纸来让你眼前一亮，特别是她们骑摩托车的样子让你有种想变成摩托车的冲动。 本以为对面那个甜美系的妹纸是越南人，一搭讪才发现是日本人，顿时兴趣大减，要看漂亮日本妹纸在家就可以了，根本用不着跑到越南来。 沿着还剑湖由北走到南，就是越南国家历史博物馆，了解一个国家，至少要知晓一些它的历史；了解一个国家的历史，博物馆是个好去处。越南历史博物馆建于1932年，主体部分是一座三层黄色的建筑物，有着八角攒尖的顶和仿木结构的斗拱和瓦檐，也有向外突出的欧式阳台，汇集了东西方不同的建筑风格。占婆时期的青铜鼓、新石器时期的陶器 、占婆时期的青铜器 、阮朝时期的瓷器 、前黎朝的木佛像 、阮朝时期的书籍，未被法国占领之前，越南一直在使用汉字 。沿路上很多城管车，都是用喇叭喊，大概的意思也就是禁止占道之类的，但是每个人都荷枪实弹有点让路人打怵的。突然有个想法：不知道与我们国内的城管PK一下 会是什么结果呢？圣约瑟夫大教堂，第一感觉就是很眼熟，原来这就是巴黎圣母院的缩小版，建于1886年。看来法国人在越南殖民时期还是狠下了血本的。黑白斑驳的墙面充满了历史感，应该说这里是河内最美的建筑了，教堂的大门只有在举办弥撒时才会打开，其余的时间，游客要从侧面进，侧门位于面对教堂左侧的小巷内。 骑着摩托的确很快，按照地图的示，本来要去文庙的，却误打误撞的走进战争博物馆，既来之则游之，买票进场！讲解员妹纸慷慨激昂的诉说着越南人民是如何用智慧击败美帝国主义，一幅幅图片、一片片残骸仿佛在给人们还原那一段刻骨铭心的侵略战争。胡爷爷纪念堂威严的耸立在市中心，他老人家不在家，据说是到俄罗斯度假去了~纪念堂门口站的兵是我见过的所有越南士兵当众最板正的。。。 面对纪念馆的右手边是主席府（法国统治期间的总督府），胡志明曾经在里面办公生活，后来感觉太过奢侈，便搬到了旁边的小院 面对纪念馆的左手边就是独柱寺了，独柱寺经常被作为越南的志被建在在世界各地的世界公园里，原寺1954年法国撤军时被炸毁，仅存石柱。1955年在原址依原样重建，但规模小于原建。河内游荡的一天里在路边、巷子边看到了很多寺庙，烧香拜佛的僧众还真不少，香火鼎盛，愿佛祖保佑他们！阿门~哈利路亚！途中遇到一个公园，我也小清新一下，坐在公园一角欣赏越南人民的业余生活，街舞、健美操、羽毛球、足球充斥其中。看着他们打球我手就痒了起来，忍不住下场与越南人民进行了一场羽毛球友谊赛，中越混双VS美越男双！感动不是战胜对手的那一刻，到一个地方感受当地的文化气息，简单的几句英语交流，与无国界的运动交织在一起，得此机遇我愿足矣。。。。返回酒店途中，再遇河内的摩托大军，开始骑的不是很快总是害怕被车撞一直让车，后来才知道越南的司机技术都超好，他们会躲着你的。 夜晚的河内非常热闹，老外、小吃、美女、酒吧。。。越南人喜欢喝喝啤酒，找个四通八达的路口，几根小板凳，喝一口酒，就一口菜，眼睛也不忘给来来往往的妹纸行个注目礼。老外们则光顾一些有情调雅致的酒吧咖啡吧。各种现榨水果汁儿，我最喜欢甘蔗和芒果汁，超级爽！晚饭很是奢侈，足足花了我15万大洋，不过这不是重点！吃饭中对面偶遇一日本人，连比划带说算是认识了，这家伙倒是很客气，不过咱的革命立场不能变啊，最后哥用纯正的东北话对他重申钓鱼岛是我们中国的...他点头表示认同河内总结篇： 住：还剑湖北边的三十六行街即老街区有很多旅馆，-不等，住这里有几个好处，首先是热闹，出门就是各式各样的小商店；其次这里是旅行社、参观、网吧云集的地方，要参各团、吃个饭什么的方便；再次，这里离景区都比较近，方便步行参观。 吃：在越南一般就吃米粉pho ，炒饭com，春卷cha gio，我们一般都在三十六行街的路边摊解决的，一般，一碗牛肉粉20.000D的样子，有的hotel楼下有cafe，吃过一次类似盖浇饭样的东西30.000D，试过一次“中国式烧烤”，鸡翅10.000D一串还说得过去，香菇也10.000D一串！喝的除了碳酸饮料和鲜啤酒还有果汁，强烈推荐芒果汁和甘蔗汁，越南的芒果甘蔗很甜，一般10.000D~20.000D一杯，试下当地啤酒也不错，没什么酒味，我很喜欢，一般8.000D一杯。 玩：河内的景点主要分布在还剑区和巴亭区，步行一天基本上可以看完。瞻仰胡志明墓，参观胡志明故居和独柱寺，然后去文庙，参观军事博物馆、历史博物馆、和大教堂。喜欢买东西的可以逛逛三十六行街。河内这些景点的票价都很便宜，一般都在RMB10以下。 行：摩托车出租（150，000D/天），腿脚好的步行参观也可以，因为市区其实没有多大，而且不用担心停车的问，走到哪都可以停下来拍照或者买东西。芽庄篇根据行程 我们在芽庄逗留3日，在芽庄的时光是我感觉到最舒服的，蓝天、海滩、潜水、四岛游、泥巴浴、占婆塔...童鞋们跟着我的图片尽情游荡在美丽的芽庄小镇到达芽庄已经是傍晚，这里的第一顿必须是海鲜啊，龙虾超便宜每公斤大概20~25万，合人民币60元。([]
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李美安从菲律宾回来已经四个月了，一直忙忙碌碌的，也懒得写游记，但是在菲律宾的一点一滴时常浮现在眼前，那里的海滩，那里的珊瑚，那里的鱼儿，那里的螃蟹船，那里热情的人们，还有那里美味的海鲜，浓浓的芒果冰沙，地道的SPA，一切的一切，勾引着我内心的欲望，何时才能再次回到梦中的地方。。。科隆岛的日落。。。我们的EBC链接https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1540409-1-1.html马来西亚沙巴 仙本娜https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2173681-1-1.html科隆岛镜湖，很多杂志上都有的风景。。。 一起在菲律宾FB的家伙，也曾一起走过EBC，那些日子将成为生命中最美好的记忆。。。艾妮岛上的海鲜大餐。。。在艾妮岛的海滩上，大家一起开心着。。。倒带，时间回到2012，在即将踏上EBC的前夕，心跳抢到了宿雾航空广州飞马尼拉的特价票，于是乎在还没有去尼泊尔徒步的时候，我们几个就定了2013春节后飞马尼拉的机票，决定在EBC自虐后来个菲律宾FB游，广州飞马尼拉、马尼拉飞艾妮岛公主港、马尼拉飞上海，三程机票含税一共才一千，很便宜吧！从EBC徒步回来后就盼着日子快点过，想象着迷人的海岛，美味的海鲜，早早的整理好背包，就盼着出发的那一天赶紧到来。。。没有买行李票，所以随身行李不能超过7公斤，再拎个防水袋，用得着。。。2013.02.13 一早就从常州赶往上海浦东机场，乘1235的飞机飞广州和心跳夫妇、小尾巴、金童集合。浦东机场里的巨幅奥德臣广告。。。值机柜台前。。。准备进安检。。。刚过年，天气还是很冷的，旅客们还是羽绒服、棉袄，为了尽量少带东西，我就穿了条单裤，反正广州也不会太冷的。。。进了安检，小跑已经到了，聊了一会就上飞机了，窗外阴霾的天气和我们愉快的心情形成了鲜明的对比，我的心早就飞到了海边。。。在飞机上听歌打发时间。。。提前半小时到达广州，飞行员真厉害。。。飞机一着落，赶紧打电话给心跳，他还在加油，说马上到，打电话给小尾巴，他已经到机场来接我们了。。。一出来就看到了小尾巴，三个月不见，这家伙胖了不少我和小跑。。。候机楼外阳光明媚。。。心跳来接我们了，这家伙挺精神的。还有一个金童没到，她是虹桥机场飞广州的，晚点了，继续等。。。候机楼外。。。等了差不多半个小时金童也到了，上车，今天先到深圳去和一起徒步的朋友聚会。。。一个多小时的路程，很快就到了，悟然和贵妃、巧儿在前面给我们引路，来到雅园饭店，香港的自由也到了，大家互相拥抱，诉说别后的思念。。。小尾巴从内蒙带来的王府白酒，悟然准备的洋酒和红酒。。。左起：小跑、金童、巧儿、悟然、贵妃、心跳、小尾巴、自由。。。席间，大家喝着、吃着、谈着、笑着，仿佛又回到了EBC开心的时刻。。。自由笑的多开心啊。。。酒足饭饱，大伙一起去嗨歌。。。(
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