宋轶ai人脸替换种子
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又是一年枫叶红 每年的秋季又来到了，秋季的色彩灿烂缤纷，美丽的季节，正是出游赏景时。本溪的桓仁县大地溪森林公园和宽甸天华山看枫叶的情景还是历历在目。很幸运此时来到这里一饱眼福。 十一前后分别去了宽甸天华山和本溪大地溪森林公园枫叶之旅，下面的照片向您展示~~~~ 天华山位于辽宁省丹东市的宽甸满族自治县灌水镇北部，为长白山余脉，海拔1100多米，距离抚顺市3个小时车程。这里的奇峰、怪石、洞峡、幽涧、瀑布、溪水的自然之美相映生辉，它的奇妙、清幽、雄险和润秀的自然景观资源，被专家们誉为“旷世佳境，万景奇山”。在金秋畅游天华山，从峡谷向上盘行，涌入眼帘的是那层层叠叠的枫林，红、黄、绿、橙、紫相间，五彩缤纷，绚丽耀眼。在阳光的照射下，变幻着五彩斑斓的彩色图案。红的妖艳，黄的明丽，绿的柔和，橙的热烈，紫的端庄，真可谓“淡妆浓抹总相宜”，一路秋色，令人陶醉~~~] 下目的地是比较原生态的大地森林公园。大概是因为知道这里的人不多，这里开发的也不是很完善~~~ ([]
最新章节： 第521章 五等分の気持ち （ 2024-05-22 08:55:45）
更新时间： 2024-05-22 06:19:45
- 第1章 修罗武神烟火里的尘埃
- 第2章 逆天邪神
- 第3章 宝马
- 第4章 何炅
- 第5章 丰田张若昀
- 第6章 西游记
- 第7章 狐妖小红娘
- 第8章 逆天邪神
- 第9章 沉睡魔咒2
- 第10章 郑爽比尔盖茨客串美剧
- 第11章 该忘了
- 第12章 我们的歌
- 第13章 大众
- 第14章 修罗武神烟火里的尘埃
- 第15章 新西兰大使馆丑闻
- 第16章 阴阳师
- 第17章 幸福三重奏
- 第18章 剑来
- 第19章 鞠婧祎
- 第20章 剑来4烽火燃尽
- 点击查看 中间隐藏的 79725 章节
- 第549章 明星大侦探
- 第550章 小区内立祖先墓碑
- 第551章 三国演义
- 第552章 我们的歌
- 第553章 中学禁止学生网购美军航母逼近伊朗
- 第554章 What If Love
- 第555章 《空天猎》陷纠纷
- 第556章 天官赐福
- 第557章 詹姆斯35岁生日快乐
- 第558章 冒险岛特斯拉
- 第559章 解放·终局营救
- 第560章 存钱存了一半睡着
- 第561章 第77届金球奖红毯
- 第562章 CUBA全明星
- 第563章 欧冠
- 第564章 法拉利周杰伦
- 第565章 奥迪
- 第566章 剑王朝
- 第567章 超级飞侠
- 第568章 该忘了
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吴必蓉记：生命很短，而路很长。 远方就是行走的方向。 暂时脱离各自扮演的生活角色，做一次自由的精灵和风的孩子，奔向心中的那道地平线。 第一部：游离在崩溃的边缘-----小相岭穿越第二部：大凉山深处的钟声---------走进喜德县来洛小学第三部：就此沉醉在你云间-------雅拉穿越第四部：偷得浮生两日闲--------闲散在丹巴 关于路线对一个路盲+路痴来说，制定路线做攻略是相当折磨人的任务。可谁让我把驴老爷去墨脱溜达的心思忽悠到川西这块来了呢？原定木里雄鹰谷的徒步鉴于种种因素放弃，那个周六的下午盯着四川省这个州那个州的地图抓耳挠腮半天，灵感突发的想起驴老爷似乎提起过雅拉雪山，一看地图上以西昌为起始点到康定线条是粗粗的，恩，肯定有大公路，起码是省道啥的，瞅瞅走的也满顺溜，那就是雅拉了！一通电话的乱骚扰认识或不认识的四川本地的朋友求助，总算马马虎虎的搞定。再次感谢提供帮助的守静笃，边城浪子，自由，荼糜!原谅我的婆妈和啰嗦，一直是跟混的我没胆量挑大梁。 打包准备出发，这次为入川，败了个GGDEVA70 的包包。 悲 催4月22日：好吧，我承认我RP不好，飞机晚点导致没赶上晚上21：45分成都—西昌T8865次列车（这年月，动车都经常晚点的，这趟车咋就这么准时的发走了呢？始发站的唯一优点）。不死心的从成都南站赶到北站，悲催！没过路车 ！改吧。一通忙，还要临时找住宿，再次悲催，成都在开啥医药展销会，旅馆快捷酒店全部爆满。总算兜到一条啥子路的榕城饭店住下。4月23日：成都第三次到了，此一天在宽窄巷子，锦里来来去去无事发呆就不多叙述。晚上是在盛开的格桑花新驴窝里蹭的晚饭，据说还是开锅饭！等我们再次回到成都时，花花告之新驴窝装饰一新，可惜时间关系没能去看看。晚上总算踏实的倒在火车卧铺上，一路向西夜行而去。咳咳，加剧悲催的是，扁桃体发炎，严重失声。搞的张嘴蹦出来的就是比公鸭好听不多少的破裂声音。 游离在崩溃边缘---------小相岭穿越 小相岭一个鲜为人知的地方。 小相岭彝语称为“俄尔者峨”，意为神龙出没的冰雪之峰。它位于四川省凉山州喜德县，属大雪山支脉，又名西山，距州府西昌80公里。山势险峻，岩石裸露，生态植被好。冰川湖泊星罗棋布，古冰川遗迹明显。景区总面积115平方公里，海拔从1988米延伸至4500.4米的俄尔者峨主峰，是一处集自然生态、历史景观与科考探险于一体的风景名胜区。在第四纪冰川运动的作用下形成的巨大冰斗与漂砾和星罗棋布的冰斗湖、冰川刻槽，使小相岭的地形地貌千奇百怪，危岩峭石如斧削刀琢，似禽似兽，栩栩如生。其主景区范围内集中分布有大小12个冰蚀湖，各湖泊在花岗石基岩色泽及周围植被色彩的衬托下呈现出不同的颜色，五彩缤纷，美不胜收。湖泊间伴有4处高山瀑布，飞流直泻，云蒸霞蔚。湖泊群的西北面相邻着2200公顷高山杜鹃林，种类达30余种，每年因气温差异从3月至7月渐次开放，盛花时节，满山遍野，花海如潮。湖泊东南面分布着数十万亩的茂密原始冷杉林，千年古木高大挺拔，笔直参天，树下绿茸如毯。景区气候多变，呈垂直分布，低处温暖，日照丰富，中部温湿，雨量充沛，顶部则寒冷，积雪深厚。一日可逢四季，忽晴忽雾，忽雨忽雪，景象万千。 小相岭目前为四川本省人熟知的多，外省人较少踏足。个人认为是一条难度和强度与太白南北穿越比之有过之而无不及的好线路。 可惜照片缺损了很多，保留下很少一部分，不能非常直观和全面的体现穿越过程的点滴不易。 4月24日：上午十点半从起点灵山寺开始穿越，脑瓜子还没从一夜火车的摇晃和两小时的汽车颠簸中完全的缓过神来。出行前一个月自己也是懒了，没坚持每周3—5次的慢跑其实按照自己较差的体能绝对不该偷这个懒。扁桃体发炎疼的咽口吐沫都艰难，火车上还咳嗽了大半夜，睡的不踏实，抬脚还没两步脚就觉得发虚，晃不了几步就气喘的紧。一直下雨，空气煞是清新，我却无暇眷顾于此。 山脚下第一波的杜鹃大半已近谢了，看花的好时节没赶上。 林子里，宛若爱丽丝仙境一般，苔藓，蕨类，树丫上的寄生物，点缀着晶莹的水珠。 爬 人类站立行走都百万年了吧？手脚分工绝对明确。喜欢背包游走至今，每次穿越靠着两条腿一根杖也都溜达过来了，谁知道这次小相岭打破常规。上山一小时后就开始遭遇陡坡，登山杖纯属多余，就只能抓着杜鹃树树根或枝桠手脚并用的爬上去。想想应该是偶然现象吧？谁知道接下来的四天里，不时的在乱石坡猿猴般窜上窜下，杜鹃林里绕东绕西，别说手用上，连我膝盖都发挥超常作用。很多情况下，我两条短腿跨不上去，只能先用膝盖跪上去，再慢慢挪着向上。穿越的大部分行程里内压根就没路，假如能有条小马道若隐若现，我会感谢上帝的垂怜。驴老爷也终于明白小相岭穿越为啥就雇不到骡马了，连牲口都没法走，可咱人还得爬过去不是。不止一次我仰天苦笑道：真是不远千里钻到这沟沟里来爬山！ 爬，爬还是爬 疲倦来的很快 出发晚和进行速度慢造成无法到达预定的宿营地，雨渐变成大雪。向导小毕指着延伸出来的两块岩石说：今晚住这。歪着脑袋左看右看，空隙里塞进顶帐篷真件高难度的事，地面还全是石块。已经开始感觉浑身冷的发抖，只有一个念头，转进睡袋躺着，不要吃饭，不要喝水，不想说话，不想动半下只想躺着。勉强的搭好卧室，鞋子一脱半个字都没留下，裹着羽绒服我直挺挺的窝在睡袋里。身子底下的“席梦思”东一块，西一块的硌的背疼，管不了那么多了，没淋着雨就是万幸。迷糊的睡过去，半夜浑身火烧似得发烫，驴老爷说：丫鬟你发烧了。赶紧的翻出百服宁混乱吞下，我可不想肺进水，脑进水的嗝屁在半山腰上。当晚宿营地3200左右吧 ？驴老爷的Suunto表不失时机的罢工，所有海拔数据只能揣测。 4月25日： 太阳起来，揉揉眼睛，我还喘气的。雪停了，帐篷却全湿了。地方实在狭小，外帐没法撑开，沿着石壁流下的水一股脑的渗进来。晒吧，从帐篷到睡袋，到羽绒衣摊开来晾在阳光下。不得不说，这次出行，太阳之神还是眷顾着我们的。除第一天下雨和雅拉穿越最后一天下雪以外，无论走到哪都是阳光明媚，甚至成都这个印象里应该阴雨绵绵的城市也阳光灿烂的让我接受不了。防晒霜当锅盔一般一层层抹，加上汗，手指头一推就是细面条无数。最后由丹巴回成都那天，早起还是阴沉的天气，出发时也意外的放晴，使我在猫鼻梁远远一睹四姑娘山的芳容。哦，太阳之神我赞美你！ 阳光下的树木 齐刷刷大晾晒 红石坡，乱石上的红色应该是一种真菌吧？ 爬，还是往上爬，不管你愿不愿意。谁也不知道山那头是什么，或许和这里毫无差异，但人总是有着永不满足的欲望。 我当对天长笑，笑我痴狂 胖 哥 胖哥，宁波人士。细腻体贴一绅士，对生活品质极为讲究。直到行程结束机场送行那会，我也没弄清楚到底是胖哥自个哭着喊着要跟着驴老爷出来混的呢，还是被驴老爷一通忽悠拐骗入川的。对于连一次短线徒步都没参加过的胖哥来说，这次的出行，他打开了人生中太多的第一。 第一次不洗脸不刷牙就睡觉，第一次喝下用飘着高蛋白浮虫的水冲泡的咖啡，第一次吃夹生饭，烂糊面，第一次撇开床躺在帐篷里，第一次徒步穿越，第一次饿的半死时只能啃压缩饼干，第一次被一老婆子（咳咳，老婆子就是我）一路骂着下山，第一次看见高山海子，第一次靠着双腿走到4100米，第一次被剥夺开口发言的权利，第一次摸索着学习怎么上包，怎么下包，怎么用登山杖，太多第一次。以至于一打电话或接电话，胖哥总是用这句话来开头：我要投诉。。。。。。（绝对不是投诉我，这个我懂的）。 路上，我总开玩笑，胖哥，回到宁波你是感谢俺那老爷呢，还是就此封杀老爷？胖哥颇为纠结的思考半天，叹口气说：“我也不知道。”他是奔着减肥五公斤，奔着看水嫩嫩的川妹子，奔着看丹巴美女的诱惑懵懵懂懂的掉进这陷阱的。浑身上下所有装备都是临出发前半个月置办齐全的。他由一个没进过户外幼儿园的学龄前儿童迅速的成长为徒步穿越大学（驴老爷所创办内部大学）毕业的本科生。在丹巴，我手绘一张毕业证书，由驴老爷（徒步学校校长）和雪域格桑花（徒步大学执行董事）亲自颁发。胖哥激动的说回去一定塑封好，挂在墙上，让公司员工看看，他这趟容易嘛 ！（就是不知道回去到底挂没）。 现在回想起来，替胖哥由衷的感慨，第一次穿越就把小相岭这硬骨头啃下来真是有些几分悲壮！ 胖哥，要对你说声抱歉，路上一直恶狠狠骂你撒娇，不肯给你一点点解释的机会，是为了不让你停住脚步，让你坚信自己能够靠自己走出大山。让你受了委屈，SORRY! 4月26日：拔营出发，不是在杜鹃林里窜来窜去就是石块上跳芭蕾玩迷你攀岩。那个可气啊！积雪深的地方没过小腿，走起来很卸力，摇摇晃晃的，后脑勺开始针扎般的疼起来，我晓得高反来袭。要了我亲命啊！怕啥来啥！扁桃体仍旧疼，水不能断的拼命喝，幸亏“野唱”的需求被大量的出汗排挤到一天一次，否则不麻烦死才怪。埋头恍惚之时，听见向导叫到连三海到了！、连三海的大海子，无声而不起眼的隐在树林子后面。翻上小山坡高处，大海子黑黝黝的水无丝毫涟漪，仿若恒古之来它就是那么淡然的静默着。不见底的深幽墨黑的透出几分神秘。连三海顾名思义是三个海子连在一起，又是几个小山坡的上下后来到二海子边。二海子比大海子小了很多，弯在无人迹的山坳里。鸟啼彻林，也拂不去它隐忍的落寞。三海子我不想再去了，就坐在二海子边晒着太阳，发傻。 二海子 继续往宿营地走，体力越发不支。驴老爷将我背包换去，以免我半路倒下。总算勉强到达不知名的海子边扎营。升起的篝火燃着杜鹃的枯枝，飘散淡淡的清香。胡乱的煮几包方便面，倒进些真空包装的蔬菜，不知其味的吞下算是对五脏有个交代。一屁股坐在篝火边浑身散了架般得软绵，手机居然有信号，翻出来看见折翼电我的短信留言，这老流氓真的又去了太白，被太尉的酒勾去的吧。脸浮肿的自己都没好意思看，好在出门就没性别之分，谁也没把我当个女人看，丑也就丑了吧。那晚星空繁盛明亮，数也数不清的密集。 4月27日：起来，篝火已经燃起，头疼的忍不住了，吃了头痛粉，傻呆呆的守着一堆火，喝了杯咖啡后胃翻腾的厉害，一下子没忍住吐了。得，重新往嘴里倒包头痛粉，收拾好东西开拔。 背包被驴老爷强制性的清减了很多东西，只留最基本的必需品。一起走的第三次了，对我的弱点他很清楚。昨晚已经狠尅了我一顿：逞强啊！非要背个大包，不出状况才怪！不知道你弱点就是不能负重啊！低头认错，不敢回嘴，谁让俺做错呢。 今天要翻越4200的垭口，心里一直念叨，上帝上帝，仁慈的赐予我一双翅膀吧！我的老腰，我的老腿，我的老胳膊还有那不时抽搐的胃怕是挨不过这关卡了吧？依旧是手脚并用的翻爬，我就奇怪了那向导一个人背两包，走起来咋那么轻盈？ 垭口前，吃路餐增加能量以应付马上要打的硬仗，三大块巧克力咽下去再加块压缩饼干，恩估计可以对付了。不过我连抬头看的勇气都没了，一棵树丫丫都没，全是乱石头，神呐！ 上吧，别指望有人能抬你过去。上个五米停一下，往左是石头，往右是石头，上面是石头，下面是石头，我这唱的是哪处“石头记”哦！不小心吧，还会一脚踏空或者踩着松动的石块上，紧张加刺激的扭个高空肚皮舞。很多次，我短腿一步迈不到要踩的落脚点上，只能膝盖先跪上去，在一点点蹭着挪上去，就这样还往往会落得上也不是下也不是的吊在半当中。呜呜呜，我的膝盖乌青乌青的，都不知道到夏天能退下去不。向导看着我这狼狈不堪的摸样，一个劲的喊加油。鬼，还加油呢！这荒山野岭的到哪里去加油？有油加我也不来第二次了。这好比开着一辆零件全部生锈磨损过半的小奥拓走川藏线-----悬乎啊！总算，总算的爬到了头！ 奋力冲顶的胖哥 唉呀妈呀，可算是上来了。 无限风光在险峰 崩 溃翻过垭口，看见了九连海，几个海子台阶状的分布在不同岩面。我哇哇乱叫，立马把骂自己傻冒的念头抛到西伯利亚去了。走的千辛万苦不就为了看风景？恩，说实话吧，没咋出过远门的的村姑就是这么见不得大世面。一通乱哇后，被告知宿营地就在海子边。多豪华的卧室哦！但可惜，看见是看见了，不等于到达，要靠近还有得一番考验。放眼一看，又是杜鹃林和乱石坡，向导所说的高度公路不会是要从这密密实实的林子里硬行横切下去吧？得到的回答是肯定的，就是这么下。心里那个恨啊！怎么就没条路呢？仍旧想呕吐，又吐不出来，阳光照的心里烦闷。深一脚浅一脚的踩踏着枝桠往下走，身子稍微歪斜了下，整个人陷进矮小的灌木堆里，挣扎半天才立起来，费劲力气的才摆弄开缠绕在雪套上的藤蔓，一脚下去又是踩空，再次掉进灌木丛，娘的，没个完了。不爱惜树木了，踩断了也怨不得我。好容易走到空地上，定睛一看是一块一米多高的石头，要不跳下去，要不就得屁降，一发狠把登山杖扔掉，蹲在一边死活不肯再动。队友被我吓着了，柔声的说快到了，快到了，你下来吧，我抱着脑袋就是不啃声。驴老爷也下来了，看见我只轻轻的吐出一句话：“登山杖丢给她，我们先下去”头也不回的过去了。我到达了崩溃的边缘，这时候谁也帮不了，只有靠自己重新站起来，靠自己给自己往前迈步的意念。足足蹲了五分钟，我才慢慢站起来，拾起杖无声的继续前进。憋着最后一点力气把让自己晃到了海子边的平台上，靠着包就躺了下去，就想那么的睡过去，不管天要塌还是地要裂。十几分钟才缓过来点劲，擦了把脸，冰冷的水稍微舒缓了下浮躁。屁股还没抬多高，头一歪狂吐起来，那叫一个呕酸啊！一股子泡椒鸡爪的味，从此活生生把这道菜从我爱吃的食谱上无情的抹杀。帐篷支好还没进呢，又是一通狂吐。不中用哦，这才多高海拔就整的溃不成军。手捏着塑料袋歪歪斜斜的缩在睡袋里，队友熬的粥半点不想碰。喝完两杯水，还来及抖开袋子胃液从嘴里喷出来。也好，吐个干干净净。重新睡下的那一分钟，我对自己说，云起这次你是真的崩溃了。(
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赵家玮回忆的开始 从狼C线和乌孙古道出来也有些日子了，每天都在翻看一路的相片，队友们的相片也在陆续传来。这次走狼C一路上上遇见了雨，雪，雾，大风更是常客，看着照片中我和朋友们那一张张皲裂的脸，都会不由自主地想起路上的一幕幕。天气多变，难度也相应增加了，本来计划狼C7天走出，最后走了8天加2小时。老天爷上调了难度，但却给了我们最好的回报：风景绝美。狼C线前后翻越5座雪达坂，每次精疲力尽登顶后极目远眺都能感觉到天不负我。无数的雪山在风起云涌中格外雄伟壮丽。 慢慢整理一下资料，陆续发布，给自己留点记忆，也给朋友们留点资料。8264上狼C的攻略很多了，我就不多献丑了。这次打算通过大量的照片来描述狼C的雄伟壮丽，狼C的美。不逊于任何一条线路的大美狼C. 从现在开始。。。。。。。。。。。。插入：感谢大家支持，俺就多花点时间，480楼开始改用长边2500像素的PP，看上去貌似要有气势很多，不说好不好看，至少大了很多。大片我把整个帖子的主要文字整理了一下，免得各位看的辛苦。 一,初入白杨沟 人马在乌市集合完毕，总计11好汉加一猛女，12员大将。队员是：管子乡村四月臭猫老李无极六戒老解大漠幻想真情一牛 透心凉（俺） 乌市，一大早我还没起床，牛哥就跑出去侦查了一路，回来后很肯定地告诉我：“去火车站旁边的八一车站坐车，我刚去了一趟，了解清楚了。” 佩服。。。。。。要知道来回要折腾一小时，老牛还真是勤快人啊。 12人整装集合出发八一车站，10：50坐车出发，12点20到达呼图壁车站，12点30到达狼塔户外。第一次看见大自在老哥，大自在很热情，好人啊。之前我们没有联系车，也没和大自在联系，临时找车很麻烦。老哥热心地到处打电话，帮我们联系了车辆，帮了大忙啊。另外说一句，从狼塔户外采买的高山气罐非常强大，一人带两个，出山之前我们还剩了一堆。 找好车辆，在旁边吃了一个超爽的手抓饭，1：50开拔进山。4点50到达出发点大油罐，上包，照集体照，出发。狼C之路开始了。 两小时之后到达一个台地，绝对五星级营地，真情一看，打死不走了，感觉要不让他扎营，估计今天晚上俺就别想好好吃饭了，没办法，就地扎营。吃饱喝足，生了堆篝火，兄弟们坐在一起天南地北开始吹牛，感觉像一家人。 二 穿行白杨沟 今天很不幸，湿身了，登山鞋全湿了，在海拔3000米以上的营地这可是大麻烦，明天要过白杨沟达坂，内心有点郁闷。。。。。。 今天的预计营地是白杨沟达坂下的小冰湖，走到跟前，发现雪线向下延伸了很多，小冰湖营地全是雪。只好在离小冰湖2公里左右的一处台地扎营了。 今天算是真正见识了大美天山的绚丽风光。笔直的云杉无论独立还是成林，在金色晨光的照耀下都是那样独特的美丽风景。宽阔的河谷，连绵的高山草甸，起伏的雪山，一切都是那样为之赞叹，为之倾倒。虽然出了点小插曲，但总的看来还是让人相当愉悦的旅程。 今天早上9点20出发，中午休息晒太阳一小时，晚上17点20扎营。营地很冷，吃饱喝足进帐休息，我在外帐用炉头烤鞋子，折腾了一个多小时，基本烤干 。 明天计划8点30出发，冲击白杨沟达坂，据今天碰见的牧民说：雪深20公分以上。。。。。。。。。。。。 三 翻越白杨沟达坂 早上出发，1小时多后到达小冰湖，开始冲锋达坂。 我发现：被忽悠了，雪深及膝，马道被盖住。只能利用GPS和地图来判断了，找好线路，啥也不说，埋头走吧。 边走边观赏风景，上了第一个台地，眼前忽然开阔，大美。于是休息，众人开始作秀照相。看到大家都活蹦乱跳，我突发奇想，对一众强人说：站成一排，摆POSS。于是同学们开始站成一排，又蹦又跳，我一边偷笑一边顺手卡卡。连续的POSS后，看见一个个面红耳赤即将高反的众人，我说道：“很好，很不错。”内心狂笑中，哈哈哈哈。 走走停停，连续上攻了5小时到顶。很累，很疲倦。 不过风景确实对得起付出的辛苦，天公作美，天气极好。登顶远眺河源峰的一刻，疲劳随风而去，俺又活力充沛了。 今天8点50营地出发，10点半左右开始冲击达坂，下午3点20登顶，3点50下撤。由于体能消耗的问，下撤很慢。估计天黑前无法到达河滩营地了。于是在马鞍营地前行40分钟左右的一个临时营地扎营。 洗刷刷，吃点面条，进帐睡觉恢复体力。 四 反复涉水 8点50从营地出发，全天涉水，本来计划过栈道到三角洲营地。由于今天水流很大，多次过河消耗体能很多。加之真情他们由于老虎口有小塌方走了回头路，耽误了一个多小时。下午6点多才到栈道口附近，考虑到安全问，决定今天放弃走栈道，找地扎营。今天比计划的行程慢了2小时。晚上生起一堆篝火，烤了半天总算驱走了身上的湿气和寒气。和一众兄弟一边吃肉一边喝着小酒，感觉很滋润。整了大概四两，感觉身上暖洋洋得很是舒服，哼着小曲进帐睡觉。所哼曲目：鸿雁。 五走过空中栈道 今天的计划是穿过空中栈道，翻越库达坂，一大早起来洗刷刷，吃饱喝足，继续走路。 走啊走啊，走上了空中栈道，风景不错，就是不大敢看，只敢看路，不小心滑了一跤，我趴那动都不敢动，心里只念叨：诸天神佛，饶我一次吧，下次走路俺不唱歌还不成吗。整了几分钟才重新站好，稳住重心。再过了几分钟，又开始哼着小曲走路，不过确实不好走，很多地方都是在斜坡上被人或者山羊踩出的一脚宽的痕迹（个人觉得很多地方不能定义为路），下面就是悬崖。相片照的很少，俺怕相机牺牲，更怕自己牺牲。 提心吊胆两小时，算是走完了空中栈道。前方就是原计划昨天的营地：三角洲营地。 三角洲附近的山坡上有很多五颜六色的红果果树（由于树上结红色果很多，我们就顺口这样称呼了），很漂亮，我们一路走去，边看边照，走了良久，突然有兄弟反应过来。不对，上库达坂沟口就在三角洲旁边，没这么远。于是方才从美景中清醒过来，回头。找到了沟口，志性小树。老天开眼，下起了大雨，啥也别说，扎营吧，雨中上达坂可不好玩。于是有了我狼C的第一个午觉，睡的相当愉快，心里不由念叨：想走就走，想停就停，这才叫旅行，这才叫徒步，这才叫享受，连老天爷都照顾我们。 今天很轻松，全天才走了三小时，睡完午觉起来喝喝下午茶，到处拍拍照，尽享旅行乐趣。 六翻越库达坂 一大早起来，抬头看天，蓝天白云，绝对好天气。今天的行程是翻越库达坂，沿呼图壁河谷上行至牧民营。 库达坂在去年的同期是无雪的，但今天上升时发现最后的地方雪深及膝，大部分到脚踝处。好在上午风不大，疯狂上冲。我由于没带墨镜，走雪地眼睛会很难受，所以基本是眯着眼睛载头猛走。4小时到顶，稍作休整，开始了漫长的下降。 下山的路有几段是由拳头大的碎石组成的滑石地段。采用重心靠后，脚跟先落地的原则，开始冲锋。半溜半跑地迅速下降，让人很有一种坐电梯的感觉，相当爽。唯一需要注意的是要掌握好平衡，不然就变成连滚带爬地下降了。 中途碰见了几个赶着羊群的哈萨克牧民，老解开始看着羊群发呆，估计是饿了。我仿佛看见老解的头上出现了一个巨大的框。里面飘过一只只烤全羊。。。。。。。 下午3点左右，下到了呼图壁河边，一路逆流而上，趟河无数。丰富的秋之色彩随处可见。金黄，酒红，浅红，淡黄，美丽到极致。 一路走来一路看，晚上7点多，走到了牧民营旁的计划营地，安营扎寨。 晚上，星空明亮，起来嘘嘘，发现风很大，巨冷，飞速完工后进帐，缩入睡袋。在牛哥悠扬的鼾声中，安然入睡。 七翻越蒙达坂，喀达坂 又是一个早晨，天气不太好，很重的云雾，看来不是个好天气。今天的行程是翻越蒙达坂和喀达坂，然后下到谷底，走到两河口的牧民营地。 事实证明天气确实很糟，翻越蒙达坂的时候下起了大雪，大风则是陪伴我们全天。蒙达坂积雪基本在膝盖到大腿的未知，步步维艰。雪很厚，看不见一点前人走过的痕迹，经过反复探路，我们最后从蒙达坂冰舌直切而上的时候，感觉那叫一个遥远，风雪中又看不清前方，唯一能做的就是傻走。 冲上蒙达坂，横切三小时，小幅度地下降上升之后就到达喀达坂。 喀达坂的积雪到小腿，还算好。走过喀达坂的时候，有段时间大风吹出了一块蓝天，当时的风景格外壮丽。众兄弟抢着POSS拍照。由于大漠要拍裸照，是最后一个。当这哥们三两下拔下自己的衣服后，估计是不被老天爷欣赏，一阵雾气吹来，结果照片拍下来一个强壮的裸男和一个玛尼堆。 今天出了一个笑话：横切去喀达坂的时候，幻想同志本来在我前面，我一路狂追，始终不见身影，快上喀达坂的时候突然看见在海拔下降80-100米处，看见一个小人在移动，很是惊诧，再一看，是幻想，倒，我们是横切，这哥们怎么跑下去了。后来聊天才知道：这哥们等高线设置80米一根，以为20米一根，跟着GPS轨迹傻走，看上去走的路线是重叠的，其实差之毫厘谬以千里。我在想：要是这哥们整了张5000比1的图看，会不会直切到西藏去了 lol 过了喀达坂，为了尽早赶到营地，大家都在快速前行。我一个人在后面边走边拍照，磨磨蹭蹭一直到9点多才最后抵达营地。不过一路拍了不少照片，也算值得了 。 八 行走在高原牧场 早晨起来，很冷，但天气很好，温度表显示的室外温度-8.1，估计夜晚的温度在-10往下，水袋和套锅里面全是冰。 狼C最艰难的行程已经结束了，剩下两天的路程很好走。今天的行程基本是在高原牧场欣赏风景。涉水一次，过一个小达坂，就到金矿，然后就是一路顺着峡谷欣赏草场了。 河水是从金矿方向留出来的，很浑浊，和泥汤一样。换鞋趟过去，剩下的就全是干路了。行走在高山牧场的台地上，偶尔会走过河滩。金黄的草场绵延无边，让人心旷神怡。天气很好，一整天都是大太阳，我跨着愉快的小步子，边走边欣赏风景，旅途中还小睡了半个小时，晚上6点到达哈尔哈特达坂脚下的牧民房。两间房，一间睡六个，大家都睡大通铺。 房子周围有很多牛粪，真情开始计划用牛粪生火，结果发现在没有炉子导走烟的情况下，那就是杀人。看着一双双熏得通红的眼睛，最后还是决定继续用先进武器气炉生火做饭。 晚餐：土豆烧大肉，莴笋干菜汤，那叫一个腐败。今夜有房睡，明天能出山了。想着都开心。吃饱后，钻出帐篷随手拍了两张雪山月色。 回到铺上，身心都很满足的安然睡去。 九走出狼C线，踏上新旅程 清早起床，太阳还没爬上山头，远处的雪山显得格外宁静。过了一会太阳出来了，照耀山巅，一道金色铺满了山脊。 吃完早饭，9点了，阳光明媚，大家在小木屋附近合影留念。今天冲过哈达坂顺着机耕路一路向下，预计下午4点前就可以到达交叉路口附近的桥，那就是我们这次徒步的终点，可以拦车了。想着今天可以重回人间，大家心情都很好，拍张集体照作为见证。合照完毕，继续踏上我们在狼C线最后的行程飞速冲上了哈达坂，也是狼C线路中的最后一个达坂。稍作休整，欣赏风景，可以看见山下的机耕路蜿蜒通向峡谷外，我们马上就要出去了，心情有一点激动，也有点失落。怀着激动的心情，150M左右的高差，10分钟就从碎石坡冲下去了。下到机耕路，众人到齐，再次合影，也是我们穿越狼C的最后一次合影，剩下的只是傻走了，穿越基本算是结束了。快到交叉口处，看见地质队的营地，看见了一台皮卡。回到人间。地质队养了两条狗，一黑一白，冲着我们乱叫。狗很不懂礼貌，地质队的诸位师傅却是好人。地质队的一位师傅看见我们这群野人，似乎很清楚我们需要什么，直接洗了一盆苹果端了出来，我刚拿出相机照了张相片，苹果就只剩下一个了。 休整片刻后，地质队的一位大哥用那台白色的小皮卡分三次把我们送到了218国道。一路飞驰，极目望去，连绵雪山，蓝天白云。8天半的行程结束了。一路上兄弟们同甘共苦，爬山涉水，见证了狼C的大美。我和臭猫接下来的行程是去伊宁休整，27号出发去乌孙。其他的兄弟的安排是包车回乌市。大家要分开了，带着不舍，带着对下一次相聚的期盼，我和臭猫走上218国道，踏上了下一段旅程。。。。。。。。。 简单列一下行程： 16号：乌市出发，12点30到达狼塔户外。1：50包车进山（感谢大自在老哥的热心帮助），5点到达出发点大油罐，两小时到达一个台地，五星级营地。考虑到第二天运动量不大，就地扎营。 17号：目小冰湖营地。到后发现由于降雪，雪线下移很多，只好在小冰湖前约2公里的一处台地扎营了。 18号：翻越白杨沟达坂，雪深及膝。体能消耗大，7点到达马鞍营地，前行40分钟左右，在谷底旁的一块空地扎营。 19号：全天涉水，（老虎嘴部分再次出现局部塌方不能通行），下午6点到达栈道口附近，由于担心失温影响体力，考虑到安全，决定扎营，比计划行程晚了两个小时。 20号：走完空中栈道，在库达坂沟口遇见大雨，今日行程早早结束，下午睡觉，那叫一个愉悦。21号：翻越库达坂，沿着河谷逆行到达牧民营地。库达坂雪深达到小腿中部。22号：风雪交加中翻越蒙达坂（雪深膝-大腿），俺的小脸算彻底毁了。翻第二座达坂时候天气不错（雪深小腿-膝盖），起了一阵大雾。今日走到计划的牧民营地。全天12小时，累惨了。晚上很冷，零下10度。装水的全结冰。23号：没选择走河谷，趟河一次后，翻越一个小达坂到达机耕路，顺路至金矿，沿峡谷向哈达坂前进，一路看景，晚6点至两座牧民房，扎营，一间六个，腐败吃饭，很爽地睡觉。24号：斗志昂扬地冲过哈达坂（雪深小腿-膝盖），高速下降200米，上机耕路，下午4点到达地质队营地，重回人间。队员由左至右： 管子 乡村四月臭猫老李无极 六戒 老解大漠幻想 真情一牛 透心凉 初见白杨沟，开始磨蹄，计划了一年的狼C总算踏出了第一步，怀着哈皮的心情和兄弟们踏上了狼C之路 牛哥的背影和他的人一样沉稳（备注：一牛为本队最年长队员，51）一个小下坡，狼C之路的上下坡正式开始路边上的一堆残骸 第一座木桥 浮土路，有点滑。大漠的第一次爬行，还是牛哥走的稳啊云杉，仿佛一把把出鞘之剑指向苍天第一天的五星级营地烤火吹牛，加强团队感情，顺便把新装备燎几个洞来证明资历收营，又要出发了哼着小曲，在阳光中前行缕缕阳光拂过，俺的小宇宙开始沸腾，浑身充满力量自拍一张二牛在自由地吃草，问是咋在路上吃，不进牧场去吃，疑惑高原牧场枯败的灌木在秋日的晨光中也能让人感到那一丝不屈和生机阳光带来了生机，带来了美远处的草料堆六戒和管子，这时候还能算是小白脸([]
窝窝影院在线观看艾草
黄茹冰8月22日晚上从马来西亚的吉隆坡飞去了意大利的罗马。在欧洲的行程还没有确定，就从罗马开始旅行基本上就走一步看一步，走到那就算那呗。。。旅行中没有闲工夫写文字就简单的发点图片吧！纪录下走过的行程：意大利：罗马——梵蒂冈——佛罗伦萨——比萨——锡耶纳——圣吉米亚诺——米兰瑞士：卢塞恩———苏黎世德国：巴州———国王湖奥地利：萨尔茨堡———维也纳捷克：布拉格———克鲁姆洛夫德国：柏林———汉堡荷兰：阿姆斯特丹———马斯特里赫特比利时：卢森堡：法国：肯尼亚：坦桑尼亚：在意大利的驴友有木有？求各种形式的拼房＋拼饭。。。去欧洲是上中学时就有的愿望，这次终于有机会实现，实在是老天的恩赐咯！在旅行的过程中重拾自我，一个人来到欧洲，需要溶入这里的生活，否则自己会很痛苦，我想我应该能做到。我想能溶入这里的生活是因为我没有像大多数中国人那样把自己摆在亚洲人甚至是中国人的位置上跟他们交往。作为同是吃食物造粪的地球人，没有什么区别，如果他们是吃粪造食物的，那我们天朝人也不敢吃食物了，但是还好他们和我们一样也是娘了个希匹的造粪动物，这样想我们就是平等的哇哈哈。。。没有来欧洲之前就知道这里的空气很新鲜，大概相当于杭州空气质量优的日子，甚至更好。所以下飞机走出机场，不由的做几次深呼吸，我终于又来了，自由的欧洲。这里是没有压力的欧洲，没有人在意你有钱没钱，没有人在意你在这里是否有房，是否有车，是否穿名牌，是否结婚，甚至没有人在意你是否穿衣服。。。总之，不会有人会在意你的一切，爱干嘛干嘛。你要是觉得失落，你就失落，你要是觉得寂寞，你就寂寞，你要是觉得自由，你就自由。第一次去欧洲，基本没有行程上的设计，觉得那里都难以割舍，这样可能这次的欧洲之行注定是走马观花只能对欧洲历史、文化作一些基本的了解啦。不过这也不要紧，按照家里的安排明年应该还是会去欧洲留学，学习企业的管理。虽然自己并不喜欢这个专业但还是应付一下吧，希望自己将来的另一半能有企业管理上的天赋，这样以后就不用我自己直接来管理公司，可以过一些自己喜欢的生活方式，就像扎大叔那样选择30多岁就退休到处旅行过些简单平常的穷日子，希望这样吧。。。算算来8264快半年了，期间得到了很多领导、老驴们的关心与指导，这也是我一路走下去的动力源泉，看到你们能开开心心的来这里评分跟帖，善善真诚的在圣母玛利亚的像前替你们祈福啦！！！罗马的中央火车站Roma Termini，过几天会从这坐火车去佛罗伦萨。火车站的周围就是中国商贸城，有很多福建人、浙江人在这里长住经商。到了罗马就按照LP旅行指南上的介绍直扑那家物美价廉的冰淇淋百年老店，从罗马中心火车站走过去大概20分钟左右的路。这家冰激凌店的制作完全遵循自然原则，所有选料均为时令水果、天然坚果、奶、蛋等，甚至除了原料本生含水外制作过程不再加一滴水。因此在入口后，绵延松软的口感、新鲜且层次鲜明的味觉体验，感动各年龄层的视觉及味觉，它更是意大利爱美女性的最爱，低脂、低糖、低热量，最低乳脂肪含量在10%左右，吃了也不会发胖的哇哈哈哈。。。还有那些美味的冰激凌糕点。。。吃完冰激凌后坐地铁去罗马斗兽场，到了那里感觉比想象中要破旧，进到里头，也没有在电影电视中看到壮观，就是大环套小环的圈圈里面象迷宫一样的一排排小巷似的隔间，真不知道当时残忍嗜血的罗马人是怎么观赏人与兽或人与人的血腥决斗的。出了斗兽场，爬上了山丘顶，可以俯瞰一下罗马废墟的全景。。。斗兽场的旁边这个建筑物看起来有点像巴黎的凯旋门斗兽场外面有很多这样的货，你花几个小钱就可以与他们合个影什么的，下次那个胆子大的姐妹与他们合影的时候顺手掐掐他们的肌肉看结不结实哈哈哈哈哈哈斗兽场的外围轮廓这俩姐妹踏着电动车围着斗兽场转来转去不知是什么的干活斗兽场外面的石头路上一辆精致的扫垃圾车斗兽场二楼的走廊有一个古物博物馆，在这些玻璃柜里面陈列着古罗马时期斗兽场里勇士们华丽的盔甲、武器。。。等等([]
欧亚高清视频在线观看
谢耀德走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍（世博系列之一）目 录 前言 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介 二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖产品 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会 三、2010年世界博览会（Expo 2010）总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村 四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前 言 2010年是世博年，我们作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民，愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此，我们综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》（在上海展览馆举办）、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”（位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼）以及收集的有关世博会资料，整理成庚寅年第一帖，奉献给诸位参考。鉴于我们自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限，本帖存在诸多不足，恳请各位指教，深表感谢！ 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持，祝你们虎年吉祥！ 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 在古代农耕社会，人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动，后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪，波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪，随着新技术和新产品的不断出现，人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似，但只展不卖，以宣传、展出新产品和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步，社会生产力的发展，展览会的规模也逐步扩大，参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国，由国内延伸到国外，直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业产品大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业产品博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然，迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱．地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介 水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实 全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行，展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日，主要内容是世界文化与工业科技，借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶，欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行，科学技术的飞速发展，使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。 在英国，自维多利亚女王登基后，当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作，英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。 此前，欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事，特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下，都举办了多届有影响的工业产品博览会，以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新产品。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。 成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作，担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年，艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时，阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国产品参加”的设想，要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地，以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。 确立规则，女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日，一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开，参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定：1、世博会展品分为四个大类：原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品；2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅；3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧；4、博览会将是国际性的，由国家发出参展邀请；5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者；6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会；7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。 会议之后，组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说，动员参展。 1849年10月17日，组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议，向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展，25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快，议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日，世博会皇家委员会成立。随后，维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会 世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利，但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧，距世博会开幕仅有一年半，具体工作尚未启动；二是集资困难，运作资金尚有很大缺口；三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会，因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期，但委员会仍收到245个方案，却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境，甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。 正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时，一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会，更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品，甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。 意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年，一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲，便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后，王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby（Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter），并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。 王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵，水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面，只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错，构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感，一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时，用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面，首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外，建筑构件可以预先制造，不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配，这样的建筑成本低廉，施工快捷。 帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事，立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。 帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定，记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”，这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日，水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。 整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会，创造历史 水晶宫建造的同时，组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商，提供了10万多件展品。 组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选，评出5084奖项，其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时，水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分，9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典，12时的钟声敲响，在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中，王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。 水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗，参观人流摩肩接踵，各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同产品。 参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机，钻孔机，拉线机，纺纱机，造币机，抽水机等各种机器工作，让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。 当然，最受赞誉的还是水晶宫，这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办，世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家，为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。 同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式，世博会圆满结束，并获得了186437英镑的利润。 世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆，并以更大的规模重新建造，1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点，中央大厅员工厕所突然着火，大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办，主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆，同样称之为“水晶宫”，但规模却小得多，仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司（Singer）是美国第一家成功的跨国公司，其主打产品——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明，并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年，奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置，并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上，一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品，以其华美典丽而令人炫目，并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会，已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑，中心为公园，四周为展厅，16条通道分割展区，给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会 世博会的举办与规划 十九世纪中后期，通过举办世博会来提高国家地位，已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年，奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列，同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾，向世界宣布：举办1873年维也纳世界博览会，主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。 世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边，这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场，面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机，对旧城区建筑大举实施改造，拆去城壁，打通市中心与郊外的联系，多瑙河也在整改范围之列，涉及水道绵延半英里，拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示，维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合，强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫，面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理，长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊，主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶，观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达 维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发，风格极其相同。 罗托纳达圆形大厅，顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑，比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作，建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑，圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶，再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔，最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品，由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。 这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应，也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处，饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。 整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外，还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑，整个世博会把现实和艺术，现代和古老，东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富 建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向，圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕，陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者，为了使展品分类越加合理，将展品分成26种，分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系，每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国，所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品，就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。 奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹，使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。 埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合，把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。 瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示，从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划，让观众了解公共教育的重要性。 维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念：科学和艺术，工业和手艺、过去和将来之间，需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值，构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。 世博会中，奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览，展览以丰富多样的形式，详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分，每天的露天音乐会，由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌，当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”，因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳，在美丽的多瑙河边，在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”，才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。 维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作，尤其受人瞩目。 古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像，其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像，据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。 维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕，11月2日闭幕，共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加，仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明，世博会的总投资956万美元，但收益仅是其开支的六分之一，被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。 维也纳世博会结束后，工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所，机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样，遭遇了悲惨的命运，它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会，这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园，是世界上最大的城市公园，也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典，就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年，自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家，他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年，贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话，立即送到了博览会上展出，也是在这一年，中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会 爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物 铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定：1889年5月3日至11月6日，法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主：庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月，世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区，展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。 世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议：百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑，必须征集到大师们的作品，因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化，独具和无可争议的优势。 招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案，其中花样百出。如，设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔，塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。 但是，最“异想天开”的设计，还是来自年轻的设计师，古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意：“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象，也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论，最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准，当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过，所有人并没有料到，他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品，也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造 古斯塔夫-埃菲尔，1832年生于第戎，中学毕业后，他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时，由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快，他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像，因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中，年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。 埃菲尔在方案通过后，在40个助手帮助下，绘制了5300幅工程图，涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日，法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工，整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂，每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算，根据图纸精确制造，然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理，一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置，再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉，挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料，二百五十万个铆钉，整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里，始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议 埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始，面对的不仅是创新的技术难，还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为，他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心，也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动，名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。 反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程，埃菲尔面对各种压力，始终沉着冷静，他认为铁塔一定会成功，他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。 铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高，反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔，并对它的整体进行评估：大胆独创的铁塔，新颖别致的造型，直冲天穹的力量，张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗？ 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日，铁塔主建筑完工，埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶，并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在，世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。 艾菲尔铁塔，这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”，“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。 艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报，根据合同条款，20年中，铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有，铁塔就象一个金矿，这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。 当20年后，铁塔移交给巴黎市，艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到，铁塔的收益会不断延续，在一个世纪后，铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日，随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响，世博会正式开放，会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观，更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术，这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间，登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦，共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。 埃菲尔铁塔有三层：第一层为57.63米，设不同的餐厅；第二层115.73米，设不同的办公室，特别是费加罗报的办公室，负责为参观者办理登塔证书；第三层276.13米，是服务区、气象台，实验室（物理，气象，生物）和艾菲尔的办公室，一般不对游人开放。 埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯，每次可容纳100人，斜升到57米高一层，另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯，开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔，到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年，本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年，本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示，大受欢迎，也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日，法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式，世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机，以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时，他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物，这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成，它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来，埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨，屹立在塞纳河边，并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名，它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神，它张扬着近代科学文明的威力，它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。 当然，人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会，正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会 而今我们日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上亮相。 ([]
天美传媒麻豆蜜桃飘香
吴佩韦Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
国产无矿码大象永久2023
赖秉竹理由：过个有意义的50岁 动身去尼泊尔EBC徒步是在出发前40天，儿子电话邀我去尼泊尔ABC徒步，还说不请背夫。上网搜了游记攻略，觉得有些难度。虽然到过玉龙雪山、爬过华山；儿子到过黄龙、爬过黄山。。。。。。为了50岁过的有意义，同意前行。办护照、找旅行社代办证、下班徒步或慢跑1小时，购置简单的装备，确定行程，订机票。出发前一星期儿子又改了，告知要去EBC徒步，说是行走在海拔4000米以上，每天与雪山为伴是多么美的事。行程：2012年10月4日成都飞加德满都D1（10月6日）：加德满都——Lukla(卢克拉，2840米)——Phakding(帕克丁，2610米)。到达后，站在夜幕下淋着小雨看星星。D2（10月7日）：Phakding(帕克丁，2610米)——Monjo(2840米)——Namche Bazar(南池巴扎，3440米)。D3（10月8日）：Namche(南池，3440米）------Tengpoche(邓波切，3860米)。D4（10月9日）：Tengboche(邓波切，3860米)----Dingboche(丁波切，4410米) ，到达后，下雪啦。D5（10月10日）：Dingboche(丁波切，4410)——Chhukhung(去贡，4730米) ——Chhukhung-Ri（5550米）——Chhukhung(去贡，4730米)。D6（10月11日）：Chhukhung（去贡，4730米）——Dingboche(丁波切，4410米) ——Lobuche(罗布切，4910米)。D7（10月12日）：Lobuche(罗布切，4910米) ——Gorak Shep(米格拉舍普，5140米)——Kala Patthar(卡拉帕塔，5545米)——Gorap Shep(米格拉舍普，5140米)。D8（10月13日）：Gorap Shep(格拉舍普，5140米)——EBC（珠峰大本营，5364米）——Gorak Shep(米格拉舍普，5140米) ——Lobuche(罗布切，4910米)。D9（10月14日）：Lobuche(罗布切，4910米)——Namche (南池，3440米)。到达后，洗澡。D10（10月15日）： Namche(南池，3440米)——Phakding(帕克丁，2610米) —— Lukla(卢克拉，2840米)。D11（10月16日）：Lukla(卢克拉，2840米)——加德满都。2012年10月18日加德满都飞成都。 费用：加德满都往返Lukla机票美金260/人机场税 Rs200/人进山许可证（TIMS） /人，付了Rs 1800 /人珠峰公园门票 3000 Rs /人各徒步点住宿Rs 200-500 /双人间各徒步点餐饮Rs 300-500 /份各徒步点开水Rs 300-700 /瓶各徒步点饮料Rs 50-130 /杯EBC徒步费用明细表单位：卢比日期10月6日10月7日10月8日10月9日10月10日10月11日10月12日10月13日10月14日10月15日10月16日合计水3606009009001150115013401100600600 8700早餐90500360740740480640840720340 5450中餐 720650760720900780 210 4740晚餐15607208007709201010700800600720 8600饮料180 160310180180 260300200 1770住宿300200300300500500500500200200 3500打的400 350750洗澡200600 600500 1900充电 200 220 420建设费400 400800进山证 3600 3600门票 6000 6000合计3490131403170378042104220418035003020277075046230备注：2个人的费用,10月6日和13日的中餐是浙江义乌驴友霸道请客的药品： 1、抗高原反映药：红景天、芬必得（去头痛）。（必不可少）2、感冒药：感冒冲剂、康泰克。（必不可少）3、肠胃药：整肠丸。（必不可少，多带点）4、消炎药：头孢。（适量）5、清火药：牛黄解毒片、咽炎片。（用得较多）6、跌打药：创可贴，活络油。（只带活络油就行了）7、急救药：速效救心丸。（没用上）8、其他：药棉、紗布、绷带。（很少用）装备：60L登山包及防雨罩、25L登山包及防雨罩、腰包、2个睡袋、登山杖、冲锋衣抓绒衣各一件、速干内衣2件、短袖T恤两件、冲锋裤一条、抓绒裤一条、保暖衣一套、速干裤一条、休闲裤一条、登山鞋拖鞋各一双、内衣裤、袜（4双）、护膝、手套、遮阳帽、绒线帽、头巾、墨镜、手电、头灯、瑞士军dao、、保温杯、水杯、雨披、塑料袋、晾衣绳洗簌用品：牙刷，牙膏，毛巾，浴液、洗发水、防晒霜，晒后修复霜、润唇膏、面霜、餐巾纸、湿巾纸、卫生纸等食品：巧克力、牛肉干、西洋参、奶糖、榨菜、紫菜汤包、饼干、火腿肠。准备好行装，第一次走出国门，开始我俩的EBC徒步之旅了10月4日：成都飞加德满都10月3日南昌飞成都与儿子毛毛的猫汇合，儿子跟导师请假说是陪老妈去徒步。10月4日国航成都至加德满都CA407，815起飞，我们坐在飞机右侧，1015抵达拉萨贡嘎机场，在贡嘎机场边检过海关。北京时间1120拉萨贡嘎机场起飞，北京时间1210左右透过飞机的眩窗，眺望到世界第一高峰—珠穆朗玛峰以及其他几座喜马拉雅山的冰雪巨人。飞机上看拉萨飞机上看喜马拉雅山加德满都当地时间1030抵达加德满都机场，顺利过关，提取行李，并在飞机场与偶遇的上海驴友一起打车到加德满都的凤凰宾馆住下。我们入住凤凰宾馆最贵的间Rs1500上海驴友已订好10月6日飞卢卡拉的机票，我们赶紧上街找旅行社订加德满都到卢克拉的机票。由于9.28空难和天气原因，小飞机已停运一星期，10月6日开始运营，一票难求。选了一家旅行社预定好10月6日加德满都往返卢卡拉机票2张，谈妥价格520美金，预付定金200美金。全是儿子与她们交谈，我是不懂英语的。办完正事已是下午2点，在外国人餐厅吃了馍馍和椰子饭。下午5点开始在尼泊尔的首都逛街走进水果店，点了2杯榨水果汁Rs80一杯，逛街逛到小菜市场买了个椰子，比海南的个小，付35Rs神庙到处可见的叶子晚上6点，夜幕降临，置身于铜的世界穿街走巷，又见寺庙晚上6点，走进卖传统帽子的小店，儿子与尼泊尔人交流，店主很热情的邀我俩跟她上楼，走在昏暗的楼道上，吓的我叫儿子不要跟上去。儿子不理会，我只好跟着走，原来是个更大的店面，她的老爸在那。儿子当了回店小二。儿子头戴尼泊尔传统帽子，身穿耀眼的黄衣服，手拿ipad走在大街上，时不时拍些风景、人物，引来许多尼泊尔人特别是年轻人围观，就跟当初我们看外国人一样，我怎么没拿照相机拍下来，笨幽静的小巷晚上6点30分，好像走到主街上，一下热闹了，街道右边人们虔诚的祈祷，左边舞台上唱着激情洋溢的歌晚上7点逛到杜巴广场，晚上是不收门票的这里正在开会，主席台前有人在演讲，右边站着好多持枪的士兵，还停着一辆大卡车，台下一半人都没有；左边一头大黄牛，过往的尼泊尔人都用手摸它，再摸额头加德满都的夜晚，人多、摩托车多做三轮车到宾馆花了20分钟，付200Rs，晚上8点半在凤凰宾馆吃的晚餐，铁板牛肉值得推荐10月5日：加德满都偶遇的上海3位驴友和我们一样，要下午4点去预订机票的旅行社看是否有机票。在凤凰宾馆吃过免费早餐，我们5人早上徒步半小时左右到了猴庙。这里有长眼睛的佛塔，有太多的猴子，还可以俯瞰加都全景。([]
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